Composed in 1989 for the Kronos Quartet, Epicycle is rarely played due to its level of difficulty. The unrelenting running patterns, filled with displaced accents, changing meters, and hairpin hockets (rapidly played interlocking phrases passed from player to player) are just a part of the challenge. Jack Body explains, “When I write for string quartet I like to think of the instruments as equal partners within the same register, each with its own quality of sound, not in the vertical hierarchy – from cello upwards towards the first violin that we normally hear from a string quartet. This makes strenuous demands on the cello of course, who must ascend into the violin’s register, since the reverse is not possible.
Since I first composed Epicycle for the Kronos quartet in 1989 I have always been dissatisfied with tis brief conclusion. In 2004 I decided to rectify this and wrote a new final section (the third) which is a kind of antithesis of the rest of the work – instead of a single line melody we have chords; instead of just employing the upper register we explore a fuller spectrum of sound, though still based on the original circular melody. Thus Epicycle concludes.”
Klezmer Jewish music absorbs many musical influences from Germany through to Greece and the Middle East. Once the Klezmer arrived in New York the music incorporated jazz. Jonathan arrived in New Zealand in 1974 from New York and composed Klez in 1984 for a jam session with two violinist friends.
Jonothan Besser arranged his popular gypsyish Klezmer tune Klez for Jade String Quartet in 2007.
In this work, inspired by Paekakariki on the Kapiti Coast – ‘home’ during the composer’s six-week residency at Victoria University in 1989 – the relationship between music and environment is particularly strong. The cello’s low repeated D, which opens the piece, is the fundamental pitch heard in the sea and the restless semi-quavers evoke the continuous movement of waves crashing on the Paekakariki shore. Whitehead’s fascination with medieval philosophy and music, incorporating concepts of natural cycles, is reflected both in the title and in the compositional process, where magic squares were used to generate the background structure.
(Programme note by Emma Carle and Jack Body).
“This is a rich evocative piece that is never merely picturesque, as the title might suggest. It has a lyrical complexity reminiscent of Tippett… (it) achieves moments of great beauty.” (Tim Bridgewater, The Dominion).
“The highlight for me was the premiere of Gillian Whitehead’s Moon Tides, and Shoreline. … Perhaps there are marine associations to be heard in the score, but, more importantly, one appreciates the work’s cool and eminently logical form. The various musical motifs are inventive in themselves and intriguingly handled.” (William Dart, Music in New Zealand)
This single movement work is a combination of the rhythmic techniques of Steve Reich with the harmonic language of Alban Berg, George Perle, et al. I call this new creation, “Pan-tonal phase music.” Originally a three movement piece, even a 1996 revision could not save the last two (which I felt were very weak), so the unrevised first movement is all that remains of what I now believe to be a much better (and shorter) creation.
This is a set of pieces to be played by four instruments.
Composer’s instruction is that each musician takes a colour, and the four players play the colours concurrently. Each of the 12 pieces can be played in any order, with the performers to decide how many and in which order to perform them. There can be a break or not between pieces.
In the “Michael Smither” book it states “The polyphonic chords developed out of gestural drawings meant to be read by players of musical instruments capable of glissanding or bending notes, and were designed specifically for four cellos.”