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This piece was composed in close collaboration with Andrew Sparling whose facility in using quarter-tone fingerings made it possible to experiment with these to produce music which exploits their timbral and colouristic qualities. It was stimulated by a return visit, following a seven-year absence, to New Zealand in 2002. Imagery of the sea is strong within its musical/poetic discourse and the piece is broadly structured over a cycle of seven ‘intensity waves’. The title is shared by an earlier work […and… 11] for 12 players (composed for Lontano in 2002). The link between these contrasting works is the morphology of the wave, encapsulated as a sonic envelope of aspirate (a) – resonant (n) – explosive (d), along with the extremes of space that are characterised in the music by extreme contrasts in dynamic, register and motion. Sparling has performed and recorded the piece in a number of different realisations. In April it was performed by Australian player Richard Haynes at the TURA International Festival in Perth and broadcast by ABC.

• Ker: [...and...1]; computer-set 

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• diffracted terrains: Chamber Music of Dorothy Ker  Year: 2007 

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Background

The Moriori were the indigenous people (tchakat henu) of Rekohu, now known as the Chatham Islands, in modern times part of New Zealand. The Moriori migrated there from New Zealand some time between 1400 and 1600. They share common ancestry with the Maori, and are Polynesians, but their own distinct culture developed over the period of 400 years of isolation. Their first contact with the outside world was in 1791, when a British ship stumbled upon the islands. They lived in relative peace with both Europeans and Maori until 1835 when the islands were invaded by Taranaki Maori tribes. A fifth of the population of Moriori were slaughtered, and the rest taken into slavery. Over the next 30 years of slavery the population sharply declined, and eventually the last full-blooded Moriori, Tommy Soloman, died in 1933.

Before contact with the outside world, the Moriori had adapted to their harsh environment, and eked out a subsistence living based mainly around fish, seals, and birds. A unique feature of their culture was a taboo against the killing of another human. According to their ancient traditions, a chief named Nunuku stopped warring parties from fighting to the death, as he realized this was counter-productive to survival of the small population on the islands. men still fought, but only until blood was drawn – then they stopped.

When the Taranaki tribes commandeered a British ship to the Chathams in 1835, the Moriori at first welcomed them. The Maori initially ignored them, as they explored the islands. Concerned by a possible theta, the Moriori held a large gathering, discussing whether or not they should fight the Maori (who they greatly outnumbered). The older chiefs prevailed, citing Nunuku’s law of non-violence. The Maori, on the other hand, did not hold back: they massacred 300 Moriori (men, women and children) and held a large cannibal feast in accordance with their tikanga, or fighting customs. The treatment of the survivors was horrendous. The Moriori continued to be treated poorly, being regarded by most Europeans as an inferior race, low in intellect, lazy, and degenerate; of course the Europeans were seeing only the sad remnants of an oppressed people. In addition to these in justices, the land courts of the 1870s awarded the vast majority of the land to the Maori, and not to the Moriori.

It was not until late in the 20th century that the true story of the Moriori became better known, thanks largely to Michael King’s book Moriori: A People Rediscovered (1989). The marae on the Chatham Islands has been restored, and in 2005, relatives of Moriori submitted a claim to the Waitangi Tribunal.

A Survivor from Rekohu was inspired by the story of the Moriori and commissioned by Alexa Still, for flute, piccolo and Maori flute. It is based around the life of a Moriori named Koche who witnessed the 1835 massacre, survived years of slavery under the Maori chief Matioro, and made many attempts to escape from captivity.

Eventually he did escape, permanently, on a ship to the USA where he told his story to an American lawyer. His whereabouts after this are unknown. The music recalls three main passages from Koche’s life:

his childhood on Rekohu in the days before the invasion
the massacre of 1835
slavery and escape

These are framed by four little melodies (variations on a theme) played on different Maori instruments, acting as meditations on the events. They are each labelled ‘Kopi Grove’, after the sacred place on Rekohu where chiefs would meet and ceremonies were held.

• Ritchie, A.: A Survivor from Rekohu; computer-set 

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• Ritchie, A.: A Survivor from Rekohu; computer-set 

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• Anthony Ritchie: A Survivor from Rekohu 

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• Anthony Ritchie: Octopus  Year: 2011 

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• Duologue - Mike Nock and Dave Liebman in concert 

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‘Anake’ – Maori for alone – is a set of three pieces. The first contrasts fragmentary ideas with slower wide-ranging melodic lines. These ideas are extended into a shimmering virtuosic diversion in the second piece, and the third turns the slower music into a desolate lament. This third piece was written with a line from Federico Garcia Lorca’s lament for the bullfighter Ignacio Sanchez Mejias in mind: ‘Bones and flutes sound in his ears’.

• Lyell Cresswell: Anake - downloadable PDF 

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• Lyell Cresswell: Anake - hardcopy score 

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• 175 East vol. 4  Year: 1999 

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• Lyell Cresswell: Anake and other works  Year: 2000 

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• Rimmer: At the Base of the Whirlpool; computer set 

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• Rimmer: At the Base of the Whirlpool; computer-set 

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• Rimmer: At the Base of the Whirlpool; computer-set 

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• 175 East vol. 5 

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A work which explores the interaction between live flute and electronic sounds. Written for Dana Parkhill.

• Michael Norris: Chrysalis - downloadable electroacoustic part (mp3) 

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• Michael Norris: Chrysalis - downloadable PDF 

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• Michael Norris: Chrysalis - hardcopy score & electroacoustic part (CD) 

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• Michael Norris: Chrysalis; audio 

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• Denis Smalley: Impacts intérieurs  Year: 2004 

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During the 1970s John Rimmer produced a series of Compositions, for different instruments and electronic sounds. In Composition 4 the flute is accompanied by a gentle environment of string and percussive-like timbres. The flute writing contains a wide variety of expressive devices and overall bears an oriental influence, in particular that of the Japanese vertically blown shakuhachi.

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• Rimmer: Compositions 1-5; electroacoustic part 

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• Rimmer: Composition 4; facsimile  

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• Rimmer: Composition 4; facsimile 

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• New Zealand Sounds - October Sound 

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• Seaswell  Year: 1992 

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• Rimmer: Composition 7; electroacoustic part 

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• Rimmer: Composition 7; facsimile 

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• John Rimmer: Composition 7; audio 

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• Rimmer: Electronic Sounds for Compositions 6-10 

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• Watson/ Nock/ Cresswell/ Rimmer: Works 

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This work for tenor saxophone has been described as a “beautiful and craftsman-like piece…” by Rod Biss, in the NZ Listener; as “growing particularly strikingly from the lilting opening motif and the lurching and drooling phrases which answer it;” by Richard Bolley in Music in NZ and as having “..a strong jazz flavour.” by Philip Brownlee, in Music in NZ.

• de Castro-Robinson: Countercurrents; facsimile 

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• de Castro Robinson: Various Works  Year: 1989 

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• New Zealand Composers  Year: 1994 

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